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Private Network Test 27

2026-03-09 - 103,333.33 TPS (Best sustained 30s)

Disclosure

  • This report text was prepared with AI assistance.
  • All test data, measurements, and reported metrics were produced from actual test runs without AI-generated data.

Executive Summary

  • Primary KPI (best sustained 30s): 103,333.33 TPS
  • Full-run average: 57,368.42 TPS (slots 1616-1634)
  • Peak short-window TPS: 116,666.67 (best 4-slot window)
  • Max throughput for 100 sequential blocks: 55,555.56 TPS (blocks 2984-3083)
  • Total processed transactions: 3,270,000

Why best sustained 30s is primary

Primary KPI is based on sustained throughput over 30 seconds to avoid overfitting to short spikes.

Test Configuration

Network settings

  • Network type: Private
  • Slot duration: 3 sec
  • Blocks per slot: 25
  • Nodes: 17
  • Validators: 65,536

Infrastructure

  • Cloud provider: Microsoft Azure
  • VM size: Standard_D4as_v5
  • vCPUs: 4
  • Memory: 16 GiB
  • Max network bandwidth: 12,500 Mb/s
  • Processor family: AMD EPYC 7763v (Milan) / AMD EPYC 9004 (Genoa)
  • OS disk: Premium_LRS, 40 GB, performance P6 (64 GiB) up to 240 IOPS / 50 MB/s
  • Sources:
  • Azure Dasv5 size series
  • Azure Premium SSD per-disk limits

Data source

  • Source: eth.getBlock(i) export (block_number slot tx_count timestamp)
  • Block range: 2984-3310
  • Timestamp range: 2026-03-09 12:45:55 - 2026-03-09 12:46:49 UTC (1773060355-1773060409)

Method

  1. Generate and submit transaction load to the private network.
  2. Export block-level results from explorer output and test logs.
  3. Aggregate by slot/timestamp and compute throughput metrics.

Key Results

Steady-state

  • Slot range: 1616-1623
  • Blocks analyzed: 275
  • Transactions: 2,750,000
  • Average TPS: 2,750,000 / (8 * 3) = 114,583.33

Full-run

  • Slot range: 1616-1634
  • Blocks analyzed: 327
  • Transactions: 3,270,000
  • Average TPS: 3,270,000 / (19 * 3) = 57,368.42

Steady-state vs Full-run

Metric Steady-state Full-run
Slot range 1616-1623 1616-1634
Blocks analyzed 275 327
Transactions 2,750,000 3,270,000
Average TPS 114,583.33 57,368.42
Median TPS (p50) 115,000.00 33,333.33

Peak windows (slot-based)

  • 3 slots (1616-1618): (350,000 + 350,000 + 350,000) / 9 = 116,666.67 TPS
  • 4 slots (1616-1619): (350,000 + 350,000 + 350,000 + 350,000) / 12 = 116,666.67 TPS
  • 5 slots (1616-1620): (350,000 + 350,000 + 350,000 + 350,000 + 340,000) / 15 = 116,000.00 TPS

Throughput Analysis

Slot TPS is computed as transactions / 3 sec.

Slot Blocks Transactions TPS
1616 35 350,000 116,666.67
1617 35 350,000 116,666.67
1618 35 350,000 116,666.67
1619 35 350,000 116,666.67
1620 34 340,000 113,333.33
1621 33 330,000 110,000.00
1622 34 340,000 113,333.33
1623 34 340,000 113,333.33
1624 25 250,000 83,333.33
1625 10 100,000 33,333.33
1626 3 30,000 10,000.00
1627 3 30,000 10,000.00
1628 4 40,000 13,333.33
1629 2 20,000 6,666.67
1630 1 10,000 3,333.33
1631 1 10,000 3,333.33
1632 1 10,000 3,333.33
1633 1 10,000 3,333.33
1634 1 10,000 3,333.33
Timestamp Transactions TPS
1773060355 350,000 116,666.67
1773060358 350,000 116,666.67
1773060361 350,000 116,666.67
1773060364 350,000 116,666.67
1773060367 340,000 113,333.33
1773060370 330,000 110,000.00
1773060373 340,000 113,333.33
1773060376 340,000 113,333.33
1773060379 250,000 83,333.33
1773060382 100,000 33,333.33
1773060385 30,000 10,000.00
1773060388 30,000 10,000.00
1773060391 40,000 13,333.33
1773060394 20,000 6,666.67
1773060397 10,000 3,333.33
1773060400 10,000 3,333.33
1773060403 10,000 3,333.33
1773060406 10,000 3,333.33
1773060409 10,000 3,333.33

Derived metrics

Metric Value
Full-run average TPS 57,368.42
Steady-state average TPS 114,583.33
Peak TPS 116,666.67
Minimum TPS 3,333.33
p50 TPS (full-run) 33,333.33
p90 TPS 116,666.67
p95 TPS (nearest-rank) 116,666.67
IQR TPS (full-run) 110,000.00
CV TPS (full-run) 90.38%
Best sustained 30s TPS 103,333.33
Throughput decay (first 15s -> last 15s) 116,000.00 -> 3,333.33 (-97.13%)
Steady-state share of total tx 84.10%
Peak vs full-run average +103.36%
Peak vs steady-state average +1.82%

100 sequential blocks (max throughput)

  • Block range: 2984-3083
  • Timestamp range: 1773060355-1773060370 (2026-03-09 12:45:55-2026-03-09 12:46:10 UTC)
  • Duration: 18 sec
  • Transactions: 1,000,000
  • Throughput: 55,555.56 TPS

Raw Data

Note

Full dataset is collapsed for readability.

Test output rows (full dataset)
Block Slot Tx count Timestamp
2984 1616 10000 1773060355
2985 1616 10000 1773060355
2986 1616 10000 1773060355
2987 1616 10000 1773060355
2988 1616 10000 1773060355
2989 1616 10000 1773060355
2990 1616 10000 1773060355
2991 1616 10000 1773060355
2992 1616 10000 1773060355
2993 1616 10000 1773060355
2994 1616 10000 1773060355
2995 1616 10000 1773060355
2996 1616 10000 1773060355
2997 1616 10000 1773060355
2998 1616 10000 1773060355
2999 1616 10000 1773060355
3000 1616 10000 1773060355
3001 1616 10000 1773060355
3002 1617 10000 1773060358
3003 1616 10000 1773060355
3004 1616 10000 1773060355
3005 1616 10000 1773060355
3006 1616 10000 1773060355
3007 1616 10000 1773060355
3008 1616 10000 1773060355
3009 1616 10000 1773060355
3010 1616 10000 1773060355
3011 1616 10000 1773060355
3012 1616 10000 1773060355
3013 1616 10000 1773060355
3014 1616 10000 1773060355
3015 1616 10000 1773060355
3016 1616 10000 1773060355
3017 1617 10000 1773060358
3018 1617 10000 1773060358
3019 1617 10000 1773060358
3020 1617 10000 1773060358
3021 1618 10000 1773060361
3022 1616 10000 1773060355
3023 1616 10000 1773060355
3024 1617 10000 1773060358
3025 1617 10000 1773060358
3026 1617 10000 1773060358
3027 1617 10000 1773060358
3028 1617 10000 1773060358
3029 1617 10000 1773060358
3030 1618 10000 1773060361
3031 1618 10000 1773060361
3032 1619 10000 1773060364
3033 1616 10000 1773060355
3034 1617 10000 1773060358
3035 1619 10000 1773060364
3036 1619 10000 1773060364
3037 1620 10000 1773060367
3038 1617 10000 1773060358
3039 1617 10000 1773060358
3040 1617 10000 1773060358
3041 1617 10000 1773060358
3042 1617 10000 1773060358
3043 1617 10000 1773060358
3044 1617 10000 1773060358
3045 1617 10000 1773060358
3046 1617 10000 1773060358
3047 1617 10000 1773060358
3048 1617 10000 1773060358
3049 1617 10000 1773060358
3050 1617 10000 1773060358
3051 1617 10000 1773060358
3052 1617 10000 1773060358
3053 1617 10000 1773060358
3054 1617 10000 1773060358
3055 1617 10000 1773060358
3056 1617 10000 1773060358
3057 1618 10000 1773060361
3058 1618 10000 1773060361
3059 1619 10000 1773060364
3060 1619 10000 1773060364
3061 1619 10000 1773060364
3062 1619 10000 1773060364
3063 1619 10000 1773060364
3064 1619 10000 1773060364
3065 1619 10000 1773060364
3066 1619 10000 1773060364
3067 1621 10000 1773060370
3068 1617 10000 1773060358
3069 1617 10000 1773060358
3070 1617 10000 1773060358
3071 1617 10000 1773060358
3072 1618 10000 1773060361
3073 1618 10000 1773060361
3074 1618 10000 1773060361
3075 1618 10000 1773060361
3076 1618 10000 1773060361
3077 1618 10000 1773060361
3078 1619 10000 1773060364
3079 1619 10000 1773060364
3080 1619 10000 1773060364
3081 1620 10000 1773060367
3082 1620 10000 1773060367
3083 1620 10000 1773060367
3084 1621 10000 1773060370
3085 1621 10000 1773060370
3086 1622 10000 1773060373
3087 1618 10000 1773060361
3088 1618 10000 1773060361
3089 1618 10000 1773060361
3090 1618 10000 1773060361
3091 1618 10000 1773060361
3092 1618 10000 1773060361
3093 1618 10000 1773060361
3094 1618 10000 1773060361
3095 1618 10000 1773060361
3096 1618 10000 1773060361
3097 1618 10000 1773060361
3098 1618 10000 1773060361
3099 1618 10000 1773060361
3100 1618 10000 1773060361
3101 1618 10000 1773060361
3102 1619 10000 1773060364
3103 1619 10000 1773060364
3104 1619 10000 1773060364
3105 1619 10000 1773060364
3106 1619 10000 1773060364
3107 1619 10000 1773060364
3108 1619 10000 1773060364
3109 1619 10000 1773060364
3110 1619 10000 1773060364
3111 1620 10000 1773060367
3112 1620 10000 1773060367
3113 1620 10000 1773060367
3114 1621 10000 1773060370
3115 1622 10000 1773060373
3116 1622 10000 1773060373
3117 1622 10000 1773060373
3118 1622 10000 1773060373
3119 1623 10000 1773060376
3120 1618 10000 1773060361
3121 1618 10000 1773060361
3122 1618 10000 1773060361
3123 1618 10000 1773060361
3124 1618 10000 1773060361
3125 1618 10000 1773060361
3126 1618 10000 1773060361
3127 1618 10000 1773060361
3128 1619 10000 1773060364
3129 1619 10000 1773060364
3130 1619 10000 1773060364
3131 1619 10000 1773060364
3132 1619 10000 1773060364
3133 1619 10000 1773060364
3134 1619 10000 1773060364
3135 1619 10000 1773060364
3136 1619 10000 1773060364
3137 1620 10000 1773060367
3138 1620 10000 1773060367
3139 1620 10000 1773060367
3140 1620 10000 1773060367
3141 1620 10000 1773060367
3142 1620 10000 1773060367
3143 1620 10000 1773060367
3144 1620 10000 1773060367
3145 1621 10000 1773060370
3146 1621 10000 1773060370
3147 1621 10000 1773060370
3148 1621 10000 1773060370
3149 1622 10000 1773060373
3150 1622 10000 1773060373
3151 1622 10000 1773060373
3152 1623 10000 1773060376
3153 1623 10000 1773060376
3154 1624 10000 1773060379
3155 1618 10000 1773060361
3156 1619 10000 1773060364
3157 1619 10000 1773060364
3158 1619 10000 1773060364
3159 1620 10000 1773060367
3160 1620 10000 1773060367
3161 1620 10000 1773060367
3162 1620 10000 1773060367
3163 1620 10000 1773060367
3164 1620 10000 1773060367
3165 1620 10000 1773060367
3166 1620 10000 1773060367
3167 1620 10000 1773060367
3168 1620 10000 1773060367
3169 1620 10000 1773060367
3170 1620 10000 1773060367
3171 1620 10000 1773060367
3172 1620 10000 1773060367
3173 1620 10000 1773060367
3174 1620 10000 1773060367
3175 1620 10000 1773060367
3176 1620 10000 1773060367
3177 1620 10000 1773060367
3178 1621 10000 1773060370
3179 1621 10000 1773060370
3180 1621 10000 1773060370
3181 1621 10000 1773060370
3182 1621 10000 1773060370
3183 1621 10000 1773060370
3184 1621 10000 1773060370
3185 1621 10000 1773060370
3186 1621 10000 1773060370
3187 1621 10000 1773060370
3188 1621 10000 1773060370
3189 1621 10000 1773060370
3190 1621 10000 1773060370
3191 1621 10000 1773060370
3192 1621 10000 1773060370
3193 1622 10000 1773060373
3194 1622 10000 1773060373
3195 1623 10000 1773060376
3196 1623 10000 1773060376
3197 1623 10000 1773060376
3198 1623 10000 1773060376
3199 1625 10000 1773060382
3200 1621 10000 1773060370
3201 1621 10000 1773060370
3202 1621 10000 1773060370
3203 1621 10000 1773060370
3204 1621 10000 1773060370
3205 1621 10000 1773060370
3206 1621 10000 1773060370
3207 1621 10000 1773060370
3208 1621 10000 1773060370
3209 1622 10000 1773060373
3210 1622 10000 1773060373
3211 1622 10000 1773060373
3212 1622 10000 1773060373
3213 1622 10000 1773060373
3214 1622 10000 1773060373
3215 1622 10000 1773060373
3216 1622 10000 1773060373
3217 1622 10000 1773060373
3218 1622 10000 1773060373
3219 1622 10000 1773060373
3220 1622 10000 1773060373
3221 1622 10000 1773060373
3222 1622 10000 1773060373
3223 1623 10000 1773060376
3224 1623 10000 1773060376
3225 1624 10000 1773060379
3226 1625 10000 1773060382
3227 1626 10000 1773060385
3228 1621 10000 1773060370
3229 1622 10000 1773060373
3230 1622 10000 1773060373
3231 1622 10000 1773060373
3232 1622 10000 1773060373
3233 1622 10000 1773060373
3234 1622 10000 1773060373
3235 1622 10000 1773060373
3236 1622 10000 1773060373
3237 1622 10000 1773060373
3238 1622 10000 1773060373
3239 1623 10000 1773060376
3240 1623 10000 1773060376
3241 1623 10000 1773060376
3242 1624 10000 1773060379
3243 1624 10000 1773060379
3244 1624 10000 1773060379
3245 1624 10000 1773060379
3246 1626 10000 1773060385
3247 1627 10000 1773060388
3248 1627 10000 1773060388
3249 1628 10000 1773060391
3250 1629 10000 1773060394
3251 1623 10000 1773060376
3252 1623 10000 1773060376
3253 1623 10000 1773060376
3254 1624 10000 1773060379
3255 1624 10000 1773060379
3256 1628 10000 1773060391
3257 1630 10000 1773060397
3258 1623 10000 1773060376
3259 1623 10000 1773060376
3260 1623 10000 1773060376
3261 1623 10000 1773060376
3262 1623 10000 1773060376
3263 1623 10000 1773060376
3264 1623 10000 1773060376
3265 1624 10000 1773060379
3266 1624 10000 1773060379
3267 1625 10000 1773060382
3268 1625 10000 1773060382
3269 1627 10000 1773060388
3270 1631 10000 1773060400
3271 1623 10000 1773060376
3272 1623 10000 1773060376
3273 1623 10000 1773060376
3274 1623 10000 1773060376
3275 1623 10000 1773060376
3276 1623 10000 1773060376
3277 1623 10000 1773060376
3278 1623 10000 1773060376
3279 1623 10000 1773060376
3280 1624 10000 1773060379
3281 1625 10000 1773060382
3282 1625 10000 1773060382
3283 1628 10000 1773060391
3284 1629 10000 1773060394
3285 1632 10000 1773060403
3286 1623 10000 1773060376
3287 1623 10000 1773060376
3288 1623 10000 1773060376
3289 1624 10000 1773060379
3290 1624 10000 1773060379
3291 1624 10000 1773060379
3292 1625 10000 1773060382
3293 1626 10000 1773060385
3294 1633 10000 1773060406
3295 1624 10000 1773060379
3296 1624 10000 1773060379
3297 1625 10000 1773060382
3298 1625 10000 1773060382
3299 1625 10000 1773060382
3300 1634 10000 1773060409
3301 1624 10000 1773060379
3302 1624 10000 1773060379
3303 1624 10000 1773060379
3304 1624 10000 1773060379
3305 1624 10000 1773060379
3306 1624 10000 1773060379
3307 1624 10000 1773060379
3308 1624 10000 1773060379
3309 1624 10000 1773060379
3310 1628 10000 1773060391
Explorer screenshot